The Primavera Medical Center's urology center employs the country's most outstanding urologists, who have made a name for themselves not only through their academic work but also through their use of state-of-the-art equipment in outpatient care. Our portfolio includes the treatment of urological conditions affecting the female and male urinary tract, as well as conditions requiring specialization, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer, urinary tract infections, incontinence, and stone disease. We have a special interest in the follow-up of patients treated for urinary tract tumors. We pay close attention to the care of patients who have undergone bladder cancer surgery and subsequently live with a urinary stoma.
Difficult urinating
Difficulty urinating and straining to urinate are not symptoms that only affect men!
In women, straining to urinate may occur after extensive surgery for tumors (Wertheim) or bladder hernia with significant vaginal deviation, which definitely requires examination by a specialist. This can prevent bladder exhaustion, loss of function, and possibly even deterioration of kidney function.
Bloody urine
Bloody urine always requires examination. Not only bloody urine accompanied by inflammatory symptoms requires immediate treatment, but also so-called "silent" hematuria, which does not cause any other symptoms, as the latter is very often the only sign of urinary tract cancer, often in its early stages.
Sexually transmitted diseases
Diseases affecting the genitals rarely cause noticeable symptoms, and their danger lies precisely in the fact that they are periodically asymptomatic. A common feature of these diseases is thaat they are spread through close physical contact and are not really transmitted through the use of shared bathrooms or towels.
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Cold-related conditions
What is the treatment for a cold?
Urinary tract infections can usually be treated with antibiotics, which aim to destroy the bacteria causing the infection. It is recommended to start medication as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms to prevent them from worsening. It is important to take the medication as prescribed and for the full duration, even if the symptoms improve.
How can urinary tract infections be prevented?
To prevent urinary tract infections, it is important to pay attention to proper hygiene, such as regular hand washing and cleaning after urination. It is recommended to avoid substances that irritate the urinary tract, such as underwear that is too tight or synthetic, or cleaning products that are too strong. It is particularly important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
When should you see a doctor for a urinary tract infection?
If you experience symptoms of a urinary tract infection, it is recommended that you see a doctor as soon as possible, as the infection needs to be diagnosed quickly and is usually treated with antibiotics. It is especially important to see a doctor as soon as possible if the symptoms are severe, you have a fever, or the infection recurs. A doctor's help is essential to prevent the symptoms from persisting and to develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Infections
What are the most common urological infections?
Urinary tract infection: A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that usually occurs in the urinary tract, such as the urethra, bladder, or kidneys. Symptoms include frequent and painful urination, bloody or cloudy urine, and pelvic pain.
Cystitis: Cystitis is an infection of the bladder, usually caused by bacteria. Symptoms of cystitis include frequent and urgent urination, burning during urination, bloody or cloudy urine, and pain or discomfort in the bladder area.
Urethritis: Urethritis is an infection of the urethra that can be caused by a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or a non-sexually transmitted infection.
Symptoms of urethritis include a burning sensation when urinating, urethral discharge, and frequent and urgent urination.
Pyelonephritis: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys, usually caused by an infection that starts in the urinary tract. Symptoms of pyelonephritis include high fever, back pain, chills, nausea, and vomiting.
Prostatitis: Prostatitis can be an acute or chronic infection. Symptoms of prostatitis include frequent and painful urination, bladder retention, pain in the pelvic area and genitals, as well as fever and weakness.
What symptoms can occur in urological infections?
The symptoms of urological infections can vary depending on which area is affected. In general, these infections can often cause problems with urination, such as frequent and painful urination, a burning sensation when urinating, bloody or cloudy urine, bladder pain, urethral discharge, pelvic pain, fever, and general malaise. In the case of sexually transmitted infections, additional symptoms may occur, such as itching, rashes, or pain in the genital area.
How are urological infections diagnosed?
The urologist usually starts by taking the patient's medical history and asking about symptoms and complaints. The physical examination includes a detailed examination of the urinary tract and genitals. To confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause of the infection, a urine test is performed and, if necessary, a bacterial or viral sample is taken, which can help detect the presence of infection and identify any bacteria. Sometimes additional tests may be necessary, such as urine culture or special tests to detect sexually transmitted infections.
What are the treatment options for urological infections?
Treatment for urological infections usually involves antibiotic therapy. The exact type and dosage of antibiotic depends on the type of infection and, of course, the severity of the infection. It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics for successful treatment, even if symptoms decrease or disappear.
Difficult urinating, bloody urine
What is the treatment for urinary retention?
Difficulty urinating and straining to urinate are not symptoms that only affect men!
In women, straining to urinate may occur after extensive surgery for tumors (Wertheim) or bladder hernia with significant vaginal deviation, which definitely requires examination by a specialist. This can prevent bladder exhaustion, loss of function, and possibly even deterioration of kidney function.
What should you do if you notice blood in your urine?
In female patients, if bloody urine is observed during menstruation or shortly after strenuous exercise or acute trauma, it is recommended that the test be repeated. In menstruating women, the urine test should be repeated later in the cycle, after menstrual bleeding has stopped.
If bloody urine is accompanied by signs of a urinary tract infection (e.g., fever, painful urination, white blood cells in the urine, positive nitrite test strip), a urine culture should be performed to diagnose a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections must be treated as soon as possible, and urine tests must be repeated after completion of antibiotic therapy to determine whether the hematuria is persistent.
If macroscopic blood clots are visible in the urine, imaging of the urinary tract is definitely recommended, as well as urgent urological consultation, as acute kidney damage may also be a possibility in this case.
The proper diagnosis and treatment of hematuria is the responsibility of urologists. If you experience such symptoms, it is recommended that you see our specialists as soon as possible.
"Honeymoon" cystitis
How does cystitis manifest itself?
Cystitis occurs after sexual intercourse, even if not immediately, sometimes with a delay of a few hours or half a day. It is caused by more frequent or longer sexual intercourse, during which pathogens from the vagina enter the bladder through the urethra and cause inflammation.
The cause of the inflammation can be explained by the anatomy of the female reproductive organs, as the urethra and vagina are very close to each other, so bacteria can easily enter the bladder during intercourse.
What are the typical symptoms?
Not only does urination become painful and cause a burning sensation, but the urine also becomes cloudy and has a distinctly unpleasant odor. This is accompanied by vaginal discharge, itching, and possibly pain during subsequent intercourse.
What is the treatment for cystitis?
Prevention is key here too, which means urinating as soon as possible after intercourse, which destroys the pathogens partly mechanically and partly chemically. Regular, abundant fluid intake, tea, and mineral water consumption are very important! Frequent urination is also a good preventive measure. The most important thing is not to hold urine in the bladder, because infrequent urination and a lot of urine in the bladder provide an excellent opportunity for bacteria to multiply. In the initial stage, if drinking plenty of fluids and frequent urination do not bring about improvement, the use of a sufficient urine disinfectant is sufficient, but in the later stages or in the case of recurrence, the pathogen must be confirmed by culture, and antibiotics must be administered. In recurrent cases, considering that the male and female partners should be treated as a unit, it may be necessary to perform a urological examination of the male partner as well.
Enlarged prostate
What are the symptoms of prostate enlargement?
Enlargement causes urinary problems when the prostate grows toward the urethra, compressing it. If the prostate spreads toward the bladder or rectum, it does not cause urinary problems. A prostate that compresses the urethra causes a weak urine stream and prevents the bladder from emptying properly, so the patient will need to visit the bathroom frequently during the day and then at night.
How is prostate enlargement diagnosed and treated?
The condition is easy to diagnose, and subjective complaints can be objectified using questionnaires and physical and ultrasound examinations. The aim of treatment is to enable the patient to empty their bladder less frequently and in a good stream, leaving the bladder empty after urination. For success, especially in the early stages, medication can be used very effectively, even for life, and surgery is not necessary.
It is important to see a doctor as soon as possible if prostate enlargement is suspected, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
Sexually transmitted diseases
What pathogens are involved?
There are many different pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a special group of protozoa.
What does the examination involve?
It is always advisable to get tested for sexually transmitted diseases after a "one-night stand," even if the male partner used a condom. Even with correct condom use, infection can still occur, especially if the condom accidentally breaks or slips off! It is also advisable to request a test before starting a new relationship so that both parties can start with a "clean slate." Unfortunately, HPV infection in particular has no visible signs in women. The pathogen settles in the cervical area and can only be detected by medical examination, but certain types are precursors to malignant changes in the cervix.
What are the symptoms?
It is important to see a doctor as soon as possible if prostate enlargement is suspected, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.